ADHD - How to understand the Diagnosing Process

ADHD- The Diagnosis Process

ADHD -The diagnosis process involves an assessment by a qualified healthcare professional, a psychiatrist, a psychologist, or a paediatrician. It's important to note that diagnosing ADHD is complex. The terms Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder - ADHD and Attention Deficit Disorder - ADD have been used over the years. The acronym ADD had the added part of with or without hyperactivity. They mean the same thing: research has led to the name change via the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - DSM-5 (the book with all the Mental Disorders diagnosed in Psychiatry)

In the 1980s, the recognised diagnosis was ADD with or without hyperactivity. Issues came when ADD with hyperactivity was being diagnosed more often than ADD without hyperactivity because it was easier to spot. The more inattentive children were being missed, but they still had ADD. This is a good video that explains the differences; click here.

The diagnosis of ADHD

Initial consultation

The process often begins with an initial evaluation by a healthcare provider, such as a primary care physician, paediatrician, psychiatrist, or psychologist.

Medical history

The healthcare provider will gather information about the individual's medical history, including developmental milestones, a family history of ADHD or other mental health conditions, and any previous diagnoses or treatments.

Symptom Assessment

The healthcare provider will assess the individual's symptoms using the diagnostic criteria outlined in the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition). To receive a diagnosis of ADHD, the individual must exhibit a persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The impairment on daily functioning must be significant.

Behaviour Rating Scales

Parents, caregivers, teachers, or others who observe the adult or child's behaviour could be asked to complete standardised ADHD rating scales/questionnaires. These assessments help provide a more comprehensive picture of the individual's symptoms across different settings.

Physical Examination

A physical examination rules out any underlying medical conditions or neurological issues contributing to the symptoms. This step is essential to ensure no medical conditions mimic ADHD.

Psychological Testing

In some cases, psychological testing may be conducted by the Health Professional to assess cognitive and emotional functioning. Co-existing conditions identified or learning disorders affecting the individual.

Differential Diagnosis

The healthcare provider needs to consider other potential explanations for the symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, other learning disabilities, or behavioural disorders. This will differentiate them from ADHD.

Duration and Severity

To meet the diagnostic criteria for ADHD, the symptoms must have been present for at least six months and be severe enough to interfere with daily life.

Rule Out Other Factors

Healthcare must rule out other reasons for inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity. This could be from trauma, substance abuse, or environmental stressors.

Discussion and ADHD Diagnosis

After a thorough evaluation, the healthcare provider will discuss their findings with the individual and their family. If the criteria for ADHD are met, a diagnosis is confirmed.

Treatment Planning ADHD

If ADHD is diagnosed, the treatment includes educational support and behavioural interventions. Medication is available, depending on the severity of symptoms and individual needs.

You must seek qualified professional advice for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment if ADHD is suspected. Early intervention and management can help individuals with ADHD lead more productive and fulfilling lives.